Debugging Android Chrome with Chrome on your desktop - 2019
Ingredients
You'll need your phone, your desktop / laptop & a cable to connect them.
Prep
Enable developer options on your phone
Settings > search for About phone > Tap Build number 7 times.
If after the first time it says no need, you already have it enabled. After the 7th time it should say it's enabled.Enable USB debugging
Settings > search for USB Debugging > Enable.
Recipe
Plug in your phone
You should have a notification for "Charging this device with USB", tap this to get to the options.
Under "Use USB For" select File Transfer
On your desktop Chrome, go to chrome://inspect/#devices
On your phone Chrome, load any website, it should now be listed on the inspect page on your desktop.
Optionally enable port forwarding to debug a local site from your desktop on your phone.
Troubleshooting: https://developers.google.com/web/tools/chrome-devtools/remote-debugging/#troubleshooting